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Maggie L. Walker
Maggie Lena Walker (July 15, 1864 – December 15, 1934) was an African-American teacher and businesswoman. Walker was the first female bank president of any race to charter a bank in the United States.〔Brinkley, Alan. "Chapter 15: Reconstruction and the New South". Edited by Barrosse, Emily. ''American History, A Survey'', Los Angeles, CA: McGraw Hill, p. 425. ISBN 978-0-07-325718-1〕 As a leader, she achieved successes with the vision to make tangible improvements in the way of life for African Americans and women. Disabled by paralysis and limited to a wheelchair later in life, Walker also became an example for people with disabilities.
Walker's restored and furnished home in the historic Jackson Ward neighborhood of Richmond, Virginia has been designated a National Historic Site, operated by the National Park Service.
== Childhood, education==
According to biographical material she supplied, Walker was born as Maggie Lena Mitchell in Richmond, Virginia, to William Mitchell and Elizabeth Draper Mitchell two years and two months after the end of the American Civil War. Census information, as well as a diary passage saying that she was four years old on her mother's wedding in May 1868, set the date back to 1864 or 1865.〔Marlowe, Gertrude Woodruff. ''A Right Worthy Grand Mission: Maggie Lena Walker and the Quest for Black Economic Empowerment''. Washington, D.C.: Howard University, 2003, p. 1. Print.〕 Her mother was a former slave and an assistant cook in the Church Hill mansion of Elizabeth Van Lew, who had been a spy in the Confederate capital city of Richmond for the Union during the War, and was later postmistress for Richmond. Her father was a butler and writer.〔Marlowe. ''A Right Worthy Grand Mission'', 2003, pp. 1-2.〕
The Mitchell family moved to their own home on College Alley off of Broad Street nearby Miss Van Lew's home where Maggie and her brother Johnnie were raised.〔Marlowe, Gertrude Woodruff. ''A Right Worthy Grand Mission'', 2003, p. 2.〕 The house was near the First African Baptist Church which, like many black churches at the time, was an economic, political, and social center for the local black community.〔Marlowe, ''A Right Worthy Grand Mission'', 2003,p. 3.〕 After the untimely death of William Mitchell, Maggie's mother supported her family by working as a laundress. Young Maggie attended the newly formed Richmond Public Schools and helped her mother by delivering the clean clothes.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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